Novel Protein Based Smart Composites for Wearable Electronics and Soft Robotics
Overview
The growing demand for flexible, sustainable, and high-performance materials is driving innovation in wearable electronics and soft robotics. This project explores the development of novel smart composites by combining natural proteins and emerging 2D multifunctional nanomaterials known for their exceptional electrical conductivity and mechanical properties. By leveraging the natural flexibility and biocompatibility of proteins with the functional versatility of functional nanomaterials, the project aims to create eco-friendly materials that respond to mechanical or electrical stimuli. These bio-nanocomposites have transformative potential in applications such as wearable health sensors, energy harvesters, and soft robotic components.
The future of wearable electronics and soft robotics depends on materials that are not only flexible and lightweight, but also smart, responsive, and environmentally sustainable. From electronic skin that monitors health in real time to soft robotic limbs that safely interact with humans, this project tackles one of the most exciting challenges in advanced materials research.
This PhD project will develop next-generation smart composites by combining natural proteins with cutting-edge 2D nanomaterials known for their outstanding electrical conductivity and tunable properties. These materials will be designed to bend, stretch, sense, and respond—ideal for applications in flexible sensors, soft actuators, and energy-harvesting devices.
You will be at the heart of an interdisciplinary effort, bridging materials science, mechanical engineering, bioengineering, flexible electronics to address real-world challenges in wearable tech and sustainable design.
Research Objectives:
Material Design & fabrication –Create well-structured composites with tailored electrical and mechanical properties with optimized formulation
Characterisation – Use advanced techniques (e.g., SEM, FTIR, XRD, tensile testing, impedance spectroscopy) to understand how structure affects performance, focusing on flexibility, strength, conductivity, and biodegradability.
Functional Testing – Evaluate how the materials respond to mechanical stress and electrical input to assess their potential for strain sensing, actuation, or power generation.
Prototype Development – Build proof-of-concept devices such as wearable health sensors or soft robotic components to demonstrate real-world functionality.
This is an opportunity to contribute to a fast-growing field with real industrial demand, from healthcare wearables to robotics and smart textiles. You’ll gain valuable skills in composite manufacturing, sustainable technologies, and device prototyping, with opportunities for collaboration across academia and industry.
This project will equip the candidate with a strong set of transferable skills highly valued across research and industry. These include critical thinking and problem-solving, particularly in materials design and performance optimisation; hands-on experience with advanced characterisation techniques (e.g., SEM, FTIR, mechanical and electrical testing); and data analysis and interpretation. The candidate will also develop project management, collaboration, and communication skills (presentation at national and international conferences), essential for multidisciplinary teamwork. Experience with modelling, prototyping, and real-world application development will further enhance employability in sectors such as electronics, biomedical engineering, robotics, and sustainable materials development, preparing the candidate for diverse career pathways.
This project addresses key challenges in sustainable materials and next-generation electronics, positioning the candidate at the forefront of innovation in wearable technology and soft robotics. The interdisciplinary nature of the work—spanning nanomaterials, composite manufacturing and device fabrication—opens diverse career pathways in academia, advanced manufacturing, healthcare technology, and the growing flexible electronics industry. Graduates will be well-equipped for roles in R&D, innovation consultancy, or start-ups, with in-demand skills in smart materials, digital prototyping, and sustainability. The project also offers opportunities for industry collaboration and international networking, laying a strong foundation for a future career as a scientific leader or innovator.
It pioneers a sustainable approach to materials design for wearable electronics and soft robotics—fields at the cutting edge of human-technology interaction. The project’s interdisciplinarity is a key strength, bridging materials science, nanotechnology, bioengineering, and electronics. By integrating green materials with advanced fabrication techniques and real-world device prototyping, the research fosters creative problem-solving and technological innovation. This dynamic environment offers a rich training ground for students passionate about science that transcends traditional boundaries to solve real-world challenges.
Funding Information
UK studentships - cover tuition fees and include a maintenance stipend of £20,780 per annum, together representing an investment in your education of more than £75,000.
A UK studentship is open to UK and ROI nationals, and to EU nationals with settled status in the UK, subject to meeting specific nationality and residency criteria.
DfE studentship eligibility information can be viewed at: https://www.economy-ni.gov.uk/publications/student-finance-postgraduate-studentships-terms-and-conditions
Project Summary
Dr Dan Sun
Full-time: Full Time
Aerospace Engineering overview
Our society needs exceptional engineers who can understand, create and harness technology to address our shared global challenges. Without these individuals our long-term success as technologically advanced societies and economies will be diminished. Undertaking a PhD in the School of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering will enable you to make a real difference, positively impacting your career and through your research improving engineering methods and practice, and ultimately society.
Research undertaken by PhD students in the School of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering forms a critical part of our research portfolio. Our research portfolio is ranked 24th in the UK with 96% of our Engineering research rated as world-leading or internationally excellent [REF 2021/ Times Higher Education]. What is more the REF2021 assessment, which is carried out by panels of academics and international experts, rated over 99% of the university research environment as world-leading or internationally excellent. Within this environment our PhD students research within the broad topics of design, materials, manufacturing, and energy.
Joining us as a PhD student you will be part of a dynamic environment and will study alongside students from many countries worldwide. It is a lively community of over 100 students, in which you will have the opportunity to develop both career and life skills, for example by participating in cohort training and mentoring programmes and student led social and cultural activities.
A PhD studentship is an investment in your personal development, worth over £100,000. Many of our PhD graduates take-up academic roles, while others go on to play leading roles in industry or become entrepreneurs. A PhD provides many benefits, among others it provides a range of “transferable skills”, such as independent and critical thinking, analytical and problem solving skills, leadership, and self-confidence. Because of these developed characteristics we see that many industry leaders hold a PhD. You will likely get a higher salary after graduation from a PhD than you do three years after an undergraduate degree. More importantly, you will get a different type of job and likely make progress faster through promotion and reward mechanisms. This, of course, depends on your ambition, but a PhD builds an exceptional career foundation.
Aerospace Engineering Highlights
Industry Links
- The school boasts a number of strategic partnerships with world leading engineering companies. These partnerships enable our postgraduate students to forge vital links with industrial collaborators throughout their studies, gaining valuable exposure and real-world feedback. For example, the WTech Research Centre is working alongside Wrightbus to develop innovative and crucial global transport solutions. A dedicated team partnered with Rolls-Royce, is developing novel design approaches to deliver the aircraft of tomorrow. These partnerships, amongst others, mean PhD students can begin making real industry impact from year one of their studies.
World Class Facilities
- The school encompasses world class facilities which are tailored to meet the needs of our students and research specialisms. Our materials testing laboratories can characterise a wide range of materials, including polymers and advanced composites. Our High Performance Computing (HPC) facility supports demanding numerical analysis such as Finite Element Analysis and Computational Fluid Dynamics. State-of-the-art manufacturing capabilities, including additive manufacture and robotics are powering research into The Factory of the Future.
It is cutting edge facilities such as these, that give our PhD graduates a unique set of skills to enhance their future careers.
Internationally Renowned Experts
- Undertaking a research degree in the School of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering at Queen’s, you will work with and be supervised by world-leading experts in their respective fields.
Student Experience
- An enhanced student experience is at the heart of what we do. As part of a diverse community of over 100 PhD students, you’ll be a valued part of a vibrant research community. You will benefit from a supportive mentoring program, a wide range of training opportunities and avail of the social events and wellbeing initiatives rolled out by our student-led Research Culture Committee.
Key Facts
Research students are encouraged to play a full and active role in relation to the wide range of research activities undertaken within the School and there are many resources available including:
- The School has strategic research partnerships with a number of globally leading engineering companies, e.g. Rolls-Royce, Wrightbus, in which researchers undertake cutting edge and impactful research within multidisciplinary teams.
- Access to state-of-the-art research laboratories and computing facilities (Northern Ireland High performance computing), along with office accommodation and opportunity to work within our aligned innovation centres
- Access to the Queen’s University Postgraduate Researcher Development Programme and a wide range of personal development and specialist training courses.
- A vibrant research community with opportunities to socialise, integrate and personally develop through student and university organised events.
- Excellent graduate prospects ranging from academic, industrial to entrepreneurial opportunities.
Course content
Career Prospects
Employment after the Course
Dedicated to translating our research innovation into real world industrial and societal benefit. Many of our PhD graduates have moved into academic and research roles in Higher Education while others go on to play leading roles in industry, industry or become entrepreneurs. Queen's postgraduates reap exceptional benefits .
People teaching you
Dr Declan Nolan
Doctoral Programme Director
Mech & Aerospace Engineering
Email: d.nolan@qub.ac.uk
Course structure
Undertaking a PhD presents the opportunity to carry out novel research guided by dedicated supervisory teams who are built on expertise.A PhD programme runs for 3-4 years full-time or 6-8 years part-time. Students can apply for a writing up year should it be required. Supervisors will offer feedback on the research work at regular intervals throughout the period of registration on the degree.
During the lifecycle of your research programme, you will be required to reach key milestones:
Initial Review – within three months (FTE) of first registration. A light touch progress meeting to establish the feasibility of the project and the research plan.
Differentiation – within nine months (FTE) of first registration. You will remain an ‘undifferentiated PhD student’ until this milestone has been completed wherein you will be required to satisfy academic staff that you are capable of undertaking a research degree.
Annual Progress Reviews – yearly thereafter Differentiation, requires students to present their work in writing and orally to a panel of academics. Successful completion of this process will allow students to register for the next academic year.
Viva voce [oral examination] - the final assessment of the doctoral degree is both oral and written. Students will submit their thesis to an internal and external examining team who will review the written thesis before inviting the student to orally defend their work at a Viva Voce.
Over the course of study, you can attend postgraduate skills training organised by the Graduate School, with opportunities to attend conferences and further training organised through your supervisor. Further growth and development opportunities are supported by community events (seminars, workshops, competitions, conferences etc) which are intentionally designed to provide platforms for showcasing your research to wider audiences.
Entrance requirements
Graduate
The minimum academic requirement for admission to a research degree programme is normally an Upper Second Class Honours degree from a UK or ROI HE provider, or an equivalent qualification acceptable to the University. Further information can be obtained by contacting the School.
International Students
For information on international qualification equivalents, please check the specific information for your country.
English Language Requirements
Evidence of an IELTS* score of 6.0, with not less than 5.5 in any component (*taken within the last 2 years) is required.
International students wishing to apply to Queen's University Belfast (and for whom English is not their first language), must be able to demonstrate their proficiency in English in order to benefit fully from their course of study or research. Non-EEA nationals must also satisfy UK Visas and Immigration (UKVI) immigration requirements for English language for visa purposes.
For more information on English Language requirements for EEA and non-EEA nationals see: www.qub.ac.uk/EnglishLanguageReqs.
If you need to improve your English language skills before you enter this degree programme, INTO Queen's University Belfast offers a range of English language courses. These intensive and flexible courses are designed to improve your English ability for admission to this degree.
Tuition Fees
Northern Ireland (NI) 1 | £5,005 |
Republic of Ireland (ROI) 2 | £5,005 |
England, Scotland or Wales (GB) 1 | £5,005 |
EU Other 3 | £25,600 |
International | £25,600 |
1 EU citizens in the EU Settlement Scheme, with settled or pre-settled status, are expected to be charged the NI or GB tuition fee based on where they are ordinarily resident, however this is provisional and subject to the publication of the Northern Ireland Assembly Student Fees Regulations. Students who are ROI nationals resident in GB are expected to be charged the GB fee, however this is provisional and subject to the publication of the Northern Ireland Assembly student fees Regulations.
2 It is expected that EU students who are ROI nationals resident in ROI will be eligible for NI tuition fees. The tuition fee set out above is provisional and subject to the publication of the Northern Ireland Assembly student fees Regulations.
3 EU Other students (excludes Republic of Ireland nationals living in GB, NI or ROI) are charged tuition fees in line with international fees.
All tuition fees quoted are for the academic year 2021-22, and relate to a single year of study unless stated otherwise. Tuition fees will be subject to an annual inflationary increase, unless explicitly stated otherwise.
More information on postgraduate tuition fees.
Aerospace Engineering costs
There are no specific additional course costs associated with this programme.
Additional course costs
All Students
Depending on the programme of study, there may also be other extra costs which are not covered by tuition fees, which students will need to consider when planning their studies . Students can borrow books and access online learning resources from any Queen's library. If students wish to purchase recommended texts, rather than borrow them from the University Library, prices per text can range from £30 to £100. Students should also budget between £30 to £100 per year for photocopying, memory sticks and printing charges. Students may wish to consider purchasing an electronic device; costs will vary depending on the specification of the model chosen. There are also additional charges for graduation ceremonies, and library fines. In undertaking a research project students may incur costs associated with transport and/or materials, and there will also be additional costs for printing and binding the thesis. There may also be individually tailored research project expenses and students should consult directly with the School for further information.
Bench fees
Some research programmes incur an additional annual charge on top of the tuition fees, often referred to as a bench fee. Bench fees are charged when a programme (or a specific project) incurs extra costs such as those involved with specialist laboratory or field work. If you are required to pay bench fees they will be detailed on your offer letter. If you have any questions about Bench Fees these should be raised with your School at the application stage. Please note that, if you are being funded you will need to ensure your sponsor is aware of and has agreed to fund these additional costs before accepting your place.
How do I fund my study?
1.PhD OpportunitiesFind PhD opportunities and funded studentships by subject area.
2.Funded Doctoral Training ProgrammesWe offer numerous opportunities for funded doctoral study in a world-class research environment. Our centres and partnerships, aim to seek out and nurture outstanding postgraduate research students, and provide targeted training and skills development.
3.PhD loansThe Government offers doctoral loans of up to £26,445 for PhDs and equivalent postgraduate research programmes for English- or Welsh-resident UK and EU students.
4.International ScholarshipsInformation on Postgraduate Research scholarships for international students.
Funding and Scholarships
The Funding & Scholarship Finder helps prospective and current students find funding to help cover costs towards a whole range of study related expenses.
How to Apply
Apply using our online Postgraduate Applications Portal and follow the step-by-step instructions on how to apply.
Find a supervisor
If you're interested in a particular project, we suggest you contact the relevant academic before you apply, to introduce yourself and ask questions.
To find a potential supervisor aligned with your area of interest, or if you are unsure of who to contact, look through the staff profiles linked here.
You might be asked to provide a short outline of your proposal to help us identify potential supervisors.